Bloodborne pathogens are infectious microorganisms in human blood that can cause diseases in humans. Major bloodborne pathogens include hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Exposure to bloodborne pathogens can occur any time that you give first aid to another person. According to the BLS, there are roughly 3,000,000 occupational injuries every year. This means it is very likely that you will give first aid to another worker at some point during your career. Bloodborne pathogens can be transmitted through blood and other bodily fluids. You can be exposed to bloodborne pathogens through:
a. Ingestion
b. Sexual contact
c. Direct blood-to-blood contact
d. Using dirty needles
e. Contact with mucous membranes, open cuts, and sores
You can prevent exposure to bloodborne pathogens in several ways, including universal precautions. When you take universal precautions, you treat all blood, bodily fluids, and any other objects as if they are infected. Prevent exposure by taking advantage of available engineering and administrative controls.
Engineering controls include using:
a. Sharps containers for disposing of used needles
b. Mechanical devices to pick up contaminated items
c. Self-capping syringes
Administrative controls include using:
a. Proper housekeeping, sanitation, and disposal procedures
b. Clearly labeling sharps containers
c. Not eating, drinking, or applying makeup in work areas
The last line of defense against exposure is to use PPE, such as:
a. Latex gloves
b. Safety glasses and faceshields
c. Protective clothing
d. Ventilation barriers
If you come into contact with potentially infectious blood, bodily fluids, or contaminated objects:
a. Immediately wash the exposed area with soap and water
b. Report the incident and get a medical evaluation through your company
Protect yourself from bloodborne pathogens using engineering and administrative controls and PPE. Report and
exposure immediately.